The Internet Effect: How Has It Affected You? :: essays research papers fc

Commonly known as the Internet, the world’s largest network is used extensively throughout the world today. Since its creation in 1983, the Internet has continued to grow in popularity and use as a commercial and private communications medium. Millions of people throughout the world use the Internet in a variety of ways, ranging from personal conversations to on-line shopping. According to a survey compiled by Nua Ltd in 1999, the number of Internet users rose from 26 million in 1995 to 205 million in 1999, an increase of almost 700% (Nua Ltd)! With such an explosive increase, how then has the Internet affected us personally, and how has it affected the way we do business? The answers to these questions include changes in the way people obtain information, interact, work, learn and conduct business.Given the Internet’s original purpose is to share information, it is no wonder that the most important asset of the Internet is the wealth of information that can be found o n the Internet (Maney 3). Information previously found only in libraries and encyclopedias is now available on the Internet; in addition, news, weather, and movie listings are also made available on the Internet. Internet users constantly remain informed of the world around them by reading news from the New York Times, USA Today, San Jose Mercury News, Los Angeles Times and many other newspapers found on-line. Even those like myself who are far away from home can keep in touch by reading local newspapers published on the Internet.Along with the vast amount of information, the Internet also provides almost instant sharing and distribution of information. Through the use of electronic mail, people all over the world can â€Å"send information to far-away places cheaply, easily and in great volume – much more than any medium before it† (Maney 3). This form of communication known as email is the most widely used tool of the Internet today. Another invention of the Internet is the chat room. From within a chat room, people make friends with others throughout the world and share information with one another in real time. Because of email and chat capability, employees can work together without requiring that everyone work in the same place or even at the same time (Maney 4). On a more personal level, email and chat allow families and friends to stay in touch, keeping relationships intact. Being an international student myself, email and chat rooms have greatly benefited me as they enable me to constantly keep in touch with my family and friends in Singapore.

National Territory of the Philippines Essay

The Constitution of the Philippines ( Filipino: Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas ) is the supreme jurisprudence of the Philippines. The Constitution presently in consequence was enacted in 1987. during the disposal of President Corazon Aquino. and is popularly known as the â€Å"1987 Constitution† . [ 1 ] Philippine constitutional jurisprudence experts recognize three other old fundamental laws as holding efficaciously governed the state — the 1935 Commonwealth Constitution. the 1973 Constitution. and the 1986 Freedom Constitution. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Fundamental laws for the Philippines were besides drafted and adopted during the ephemeral authoritiess of Presidents Emilio Aguinaldo ( 1898 ) and Jose P. Laurel ( 1943 ) . †¢ Background of the 1987 ConstitutionIn 1986. following the People Power Revolution which ousted Ferdinand Marcos as president. and following on her ain startup. Corazon Aquino issued Proclamation No. 3. declaring a national policy to implement the reforms mandated by the people. protecting their basic rights. following a probationary fundamental law. and supplying for an orderly interlingual rendition to a authorities under a new fundamental law. [ 4 ] President Aquino subsequently issued Proclamation No. 9. making a Constitutional Commission ( popularly abbreviated â€Å"Con Com† in the Philippines ) to border a new fundamental law to replace the 1973 Constitution which took consequence during the Marcos soldierly jurisprudence government. Aquino appointed 50 members to the Commission. The members of the Commission were drawn from varied backgrounds. including several former congresswomans. a former Supreme Court Chief Justice ( Roberto Concepcion ) . a Catholic bishop ( Teodoro Bacani ) and movie manager ( Lino Brocka ) . Aquino besides intentionally appointed 5 members. including former Labor Minister Blas Ople. who had been allied with Marcos until the latter’s ejector. After the Commission had convened. it elected as its president Cecilia Munoz-Palma. who had emerged as a prima figure in the anti-Marcos resistance following her retirement as the first female Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. The Commission finished the bill of exchange charter within four months after it was convened. Several issues were hotly debated during the Sessionss. including on the signifier of authorities to follow. the abolishment of the decease punishment. the continued keeping of the Clark and Subic American military bases. and the integrating of economic policies into the Constitution. Brocka would walk out of the Commission before its completion. and two other delegates would dissent from the concluding bill of exchange. The ConCom completed their undertaking on October 12. 1986 and presented the bill of exchange fundamental law to President Aquino on October 15. 1986. After a period of countrywide information run. a plebiscite for its confirmation was held on February 2. 1987. More than three-fourth of all ballots cast. 76. 37 % ( or 17. 059. 495 electors ) favored confirmation as against 22. 65 % ( or 5. 058. 714 electors ) who voted against confirmation. On February 11. 1987. the new fundamental law was proclaimed sanctioned and took consequence. On that same twenty-four hours. Aquino. the other authorities functionaries. and the Armed Forces of the Philippines pledged commitment to the Constitution. Significant characteristics of the 1987 Fundamental law The Constitution establishes the Philippines as a â€Å"democratic and republican State† . where â€Å"sovereignty resides in the people and all authorities authorization emanates from them† . ( Section 1. Article II ) Consistent with the philosophy of separation of powers. the powers of the national authorities are exercised in chief by three subdivisions — the executive subdivision headed by the President. the legislative subdivision composed of Congress and the judicial subdivision with the Supreme Court busying the highest grade of the bench. The President and the members of Congress are straight elected by the people. while the members of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President from a list formed by the Judicial and Bar Council. As with the American system of authorities. it is Congress which enacts the Torahs. topic to the veto power of the President which may however be overturned by a two-thirds ballot of Congress ( Section 27 ( 1 ) . Article VI ) . The President has the constitutional responsibility to guarantee the faithful executing of the Torahs ( Section 17. Article VII ) . while the tribunals are expressly granted the power of judicial reappraisal ( Section 1. Article VIII ) . including the power to invalidate or construe Torahs. The President is besides recognized as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces ( Section 18. Article VII ) . The Constitution besides establishes limited political liberty to the local authorities units that act as the municipal authoritiess for states. metropoliss. municipalities. and barangays. ( Section 1. Article X ) Local authoritiess are by and large considered as falling under the executive subdivision. yet local statute law requires enactment by duly elected local legislative organic structures. The Constitution ( Section 3. Article X ) mandated that the Congress would ordain a Local Government Code. The Congress punctually enacted Republic Act No. 7160. The Local Government Code of 1991. which became effectual on 1 January 1992. [ 5 ] The Supreme Court has noted that the Bill of Rights â€Å"occupies a place of primacy in the cardinal law† . [ 6 ] The Bill of Rights. contained in Article III. enumerates the specific protections against State power. Many of these wa rrants are similar to those provided in the American fundamental law and other democratic fundamental laws. including the due procedure and equal protection clause. the right against indefensible hunts and ictuss. the right to liberate address and the free exercising of faith. the right against self-incrimination. and the right to habeas principal. The range and restrictions to these rights have mostly been determined by Philippine Supreme Court determinations. Outside of the Bill of Rights. the Constitution besides contains several other commissariats reciting assorted province policies including. i. e. . the avowal of labour â€Å"as a primary societal economic force† ( Section 14. Article II ) ; the equal protection of â€Å"the life of the female parent and the life of the unborn from conception† ( Section 12. Article II ) ; the â€Å"Filipino household as the foundation of the nation† ( Article XV. Section 1 ) ; the acknowledgment of Filipino as â€Å"the national linguistic communication of the Philippines† ( Section 6. Article XVI ) . and even a demand that â€Å"all educational establishments shall set about regular athleticss activities throughout the state in cooperation with athletic nines and other sectors. † ( Section 19. 1. Article XIV ) Whether these commissariats may. by themselves. be the beginning of enforceable rights without attach toing statute law has been the topic of considerable argument in the legal domain and within the Supreme Court. The Court. for illustration. has ruled that a proviso necessitating that the State â€Å"guarantee equal entree to chances to public service† could non be enforced without attach toing statute law. and therefore could non exclude the disallowance of alleged â€Å"nuisance candidates† in presidential elections. [ 7 ] But in another instance. the Court held that a proviso necessitating that the State â€Å"protect and progress the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology† did non necessitate implementing statute law to go the beginning of operative rights. [ 8 ] Historical fundamental laws Fundamental law of Biak-na-Bato ( 1897 ) The Katipunan revolution led to the Tejeros Convention where. at San Francisco de Malabon. Cavite. on March 22. 1897. the first presidential and frailty presidential elections in Philippine history were held—although merely the Katipuneros ( members of the Katipunan ) were able to take portion. and non the general public. A ulterior meeting of the radical authorities established at that place. held on November 1. 1897 at Biak-na-Bato in the town of San Miguel de Mayumo in Bulacan. established the Republic of Biak-na-Bato. The democracy had a fundamental law drafted by Isabelo Artacho and Felix Ferrer and based on the first Cuban Constitution. [ 9 ] It is known as the â€Å"Constitucion Provisional de la Republica de Filipinas† . and was originally written in and promulgated in the Spanish and Tagalog linguistic communications. [ 10 ] Malolos Constitution ( 1899 ) The Malolos Constitution was the first republican fundamental law in Asia. [ 11 ] It declared that sovereignty resides entirely in the people. stated basic civil rights. separated the church and province. and called for the creative activity of an Assembly of Representatives to move as the legislative organic structure. It besides called for a Presidential signifier of authorities with the president elected for a term of four old ages by a bulk of the Assembly. [ 12 ] It was titled â€Å"Constitucion politica† . and was written in Spanish following the declaration of independency from Spain. [ 13 ] proclaimed on January 20. 1899. and was enacted and ratified by the Malolos Congress. a Congress held in Malolos. Bulacan. [ 14 ] [ 15 ] Acts of the United States Congress The Philippines was a United States Territory from December 10. 1898 to March 24. 1934. [ 16 ] As such. the Philippines was under the legal power of the federal authorities of the United States during this period. Two Acts of the Apostless of the United States Congress passed during this period can be considered Filipino fundamental laws in that those Acts of the Apostless defined the cardinal political rules. and established the construction. processs. powers and responsibilities. of the Filipino authorities. 1. The Philippine Organic Act of 1902. sometimes known as the â€Å"Philippine Bill of 1902† . was the first organic jurisprudence for the Philippine Islands enacted by the United States Congress. It provided for the creative activity of a popularly elected Philippine Assembly. and specified that legislative power would be vested in a bicameral legislative assembly composed of the Filipino Commission ( upper house ) and the Philippine Assembly ( lower house ) . Its cardi nal commissariats included a measure of rights for the Filipinos and the assignment of two nonvoting Filipino occupant commissioners to stand for the Philippines in the United States Congress. 2. The Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916. sometimes known as â€Å"Jones Law† . modified the construction of the Filipino authorities by taking the Filipino Commission as the legislative upper house. replacing it with a Senate elected by Filipino electors. This act besides explicitly stated that it was and had ever been the intent of the people of the United States to retreat their sovereignty over the Filipino Islands and to acknowledge Filipino independency every bit shortly as a stable authorities can be established in this. Though non a fundamental law itself. the Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934 provided authorization and defined mechanisms for the constitution of a formal fundamental law via a constitutional convention. Commonwealth and Third Republic ( 1935 ) The 1935 Constitution was written in 1934. sanctioned and adopted by the Commonwealth of the Philippines ( 1935-1946 ) and subsequently used by the Third Republic of the Philippines ( 1946-1972 ) . It was written with an oculus to run intoing the blessing of the United States Government every bit good. so as to guarantee that the U. S. would populate up to its promise to allow the Philippines independency and non hold a premiss to keep onto its â€Å"possession† on the evidences that it was excessively politically immature and therefore unready for full. existent independency. The original 1935 Constitution provided for unicameral National Assembly and the President was elected to a six-year term without re-election. It was amended in 1940 to hold a bicameral Congress composed of a Senate and House of Representatives. every bit good the creative activity of an independent electoral committee. The Constitution now granted the President a four-year term with a upper limit of two back-to-back footings in office. A Constitutional Convention was held in 1971 to rewrite the 1935 Constitution. The convention was stained with apparent graft and corruptness. Possibly the most controversial issue was taking the presidential term bound so that Ferdinand E. Marcos could seek election for a 3rd term. which many felt was the true ground for which the convention was called. In any instance. the 1935 Constitution was suspended in 1972 with Marcos’ announcement of soldierly jurisprudence. the rampant corruptness of the constitutional procedure supplying him with one of his major premises for making so. Second Republic ( 1943 ) The 1943 Constitution was drafted by a commission appointed by the Philippine Executive Commission. the organic structure established by the Japanese to administrate the Philippines in stead of the Commonwealth of the Philippines which had established a government-in-exile. In mid-1942 Nipponese Premier Hideki Tojo had promised the Filipinos â€Å"the award of independence† which meant that the committee would be supplanted by a formal democracy. The Preparatory Committee for Philippine Independence tasked with outlining a new fundamental law was composed in big portion. of members of the prewar National Assembly and of persons with experience as delegates to the convention that had drafted the 1935 Constitution. Their bill of exchange for the democracy to be established under the Nipponese Occupation. nevertheless. would be limited in continuance. supply for indirect. alternatively of direct. legislative elections. and an even stronger executive subdivision. Upon blessing of the bill of exchange by the Committee. the new charter was ratified in 1943 by an assembly of appointed. provincial representatives of the Kalibapi. the organisation established by the Japanese to replace all old political parties. Upon confirmation by the Kalibapi assembly. the Second Republic was officially proclaimed ( 1943-1945 ) . Jose P. Laurel was appointed as President by the National Assembly and inaugurated into office in October 1943. Laurel was extremely regarded by the Japanese for holding openly criticised the US for the manner they ran the Philippines. and because he had a grade from Tokyo International University. The 1943 Constitution remained in force in Japanese-controlled countries of the Philippines. but was ne'er recognized as legitimate or binding by the authoritiess of the United States or of the Commonwealth of the Philippines and guerilla organisations loyal to them. In late 1944. President Laurel declared a province of war existed with the United States and the British Empire and proclaimed soldierly jurisprudence. basically governing by edict. His authorities in bend went into expatriate in December. 1944. first to Taiwan and so Japan. After the proclamation of Japan’s resignation. Laurel officially proclaimed the Second Republic as dissolved. Until the sixtiess. the Second Republic. and its officers. were non viewed as legitimate or as holding any standing. with the exclusion of the Supreme Court whose determinations. limited to reappraisals of condemnable and commercial instances as portion of a policy of discretion by Chief Justice Jose Yulo continued to be portion of the functionary records ( this was made easier by the Commonwealth ne'er representing a Supreme Court. and the formal vacancy in the main justness place for the Commonwealth with the executing of Chief Justice Jose Abad Santos by the Japanese ) . It was merely during the Macapagal disposal that a partial. political rehabilitation of the Japanese-era democracy took topographic point. with the acknowledgment of Laurel as a former president and the add-on of his cabinet and other functionaries to the roll of past authorities functionaries. However. the 1943 charter was non taught in schools and the Torahs of the 1943-44 National Assembly ne'er recognized as valid or relevant. The 1943 Constitution provided strong executive powers. The Legislature consisted of a unicameral National Assembly and merely those considered as anti-US could stand for election. although in pattern most legislators were appointed instead than elected. The New Society and the Fourth Republic ( 1973 ) The 1973 Constitution. promulgated after Marcos’ declaration of soldierly jurisprudence. was supposed to present a parliamentary-style authorities. Legislative power was vested in a National Assembly whose members were elected for six-year footings. The President was ideally supposed to be elected as the symbolic and strictly ceremonial caput of province from the Members of the National Assembly for a six-year term and could be re-elected to an limitless figure of footings. Upon election. the President ceased to be a member of the National Assembly. During his term. the President was non allowed to be a member of a political party or keep any other office. Executive power was meant to be exercised by the Prime Minister who was besides elected from the Members of the National Assembly. The Prime Minister was the caput of authorities and Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces. This fundamental law was later amended four times ( arguably five depending on how one considers Proclamation No. 3 of 1986 ) . On October 16-17 1976. a bulk of barangay electors ( Citizen Assemblies ) approved that soldierly jurisprudence should be continued and ratified the amendments to the Constitution proposed by President Marcos. [ 19 ] The 1976 amendments were: †¢an Interim Batasang Pambansa ( IBP ) replacing for the Interim National Assembly †¢the President would besides go the Prime Minister and he would go on to exert legislative powers until soldierly jurisprudence should hold been lifted. The Sixth Amendment authorized the President to pass: Whenever in the judgement of the President there exists a sedate exigency or a menace or imminency thereof. or whenever the Interim Batasang Pambansa or the regular National Assembly fails or is unable to move adequately on any affair for any ground that in his judgement requires immediate action. he may. in order to run into the exigency. publish the necessary edicts. orders or letters of instructions. which shall organize portion of the jurisprudence of the land. The 1973 Constitution was further amended in 1980 and 1981. In the 1980 amendment. the retirement age of the members of the Judiciary was extended to 70 old ages. In the 1981 amendments. the false parliamentary system was officially modified into a French-style semi-presidential system: †¢executive power was restored to the President ;†¢direct election of the President was restored ;†¢an Executive Committee composed of the Prime Minister and non more than 14 members was created to â€Å"assist the President in the exercising of his powers and maps and in the public presentation of his responsibilities as he may order ; † and the Prime Minister was a mere caput of the Cabinet.†¢Further. the amendments instituted electoral reforms and provided that a natural born citizen of the Philippines who has lost his citizenship may be a transferee of private land for usage by him as his abode. The last amendments in 1984 abolished the Executive Committee and restored the place of Vice-President ( which did non be in the original. unamended 1973 Constitution ) . In existent pattern. while the 1973 Constitution was ideally supposed to put up a true parliamentary system. the late President Marcos had made usage of blind and use in order to maintain executive power for himself. instead than devolving executive powers to the Parliament. as headed by the Prime Minister. The terminal consequence was that the 1973 Constitution – due to all amendments and elusive uses – was simply the abolishment of the Senate and a series of decorative text-changes where the old American-derived nomenclatures such House of Representatives became known as the â€Å"Batasang Pambansa† ( National Assembly ) . Departments became known as â€Å"Ministries† . cabinet secretaries became known as â€Å"cabinet ministers† . and the President’s helper – the Executive Secretary – became known as the â€Å"Prime Minister. † Ultimately. Marcos’ alleged â€Å"Parliamentary System† hence functioned as an authoritarian-run Presidential System due to the series of amendments and other alterations put in topographic point after the 1973 Constitution was ratified. 1986 â€Å"Freedom Constitution† Following the EDSA People Power Revolution that removed President Ferdinand E. Marcos from office. the new President. Corazon C. Aquino issued Proclamation No. 3 as a probationary fundamental law to would fix for the following fundamental law. It adopted certain commissariats from the 1973 fundamental law and granted the President wide powers to reorganize the authorities and take functionaries from office. and mandated that the president would name a committee to outline a new fundamental law. refference/source ; # a B â€Å"The 1987 Fundamental law of the Republic of the Philippines† . 15 October 1986. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. thecorpusjuris. com/laws/constitutions/8-philippineconstitutions/70-1987-constitution. hypertext markup language. Retrieved 2008-04-03. # ^ Isagani Cruz ( 1993 ) . Constitutional Law. Quezon City. Philippines: Cardinal Lawbook Publishing Co. . Inc. . pp. 19. ISBN 971-16-0184-2. # ^ Joaquin Bernas. S. J. ( 1996 ) . The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines: A Commentary. Manila. Philippines: Rex Book Store. pp. xxxiv-xxxix. ISBN 971-23-2013-8. # ^ â€Å"1986 Provisional â€Å"Freedom† Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines† . 25 March 1986. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. thecorpusjuris. com/laws/constitutions/8-philippineconstitutions/69-1986-constitution. hypertext markup language. Retrieved 2008-04-03. # ^ â€Å"Local Government Code of 1991† . 1 January 1992. hypertext transfer pr otocol: //www. chanrobles. com/localgov. htm. Retrieved 2007-06-09. # ^ â€Å"People vs. Tatud ( G. R. No. 144037 ) † . Supreme Court of the Philippines. 26 September 2003. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. supremecourt. gov. ph/jurisprudence/2003/sep2003/144037. htm. Retrieved 2007-06-09. # ^ â€Å"Pamatong vs. Comelec ( G. R. No. 161872 ) † . SupremeCourt of the Philippines. 13 April 2004. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. supremecourt. gov. ph/jurisprudence/2004/apr2004/161872. htm. Retrieved 2007-06-09. # ^ â€Å"Oposa et Al. v. Fulgencio ( G. R. No. 101083 ) † . Supreme Court of the Philippines ( requoted by Lawphil. cyberspace ) . 30 July 1993. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. lawphil. net/judjuris/juri1993/jul1993/gr_101083_1993. hypertext markup language. Retrieved 2007-06-09. # ^ Wikisource-logo. svg 1897 Constitution of Biak-na-Bato ( Philippines ) at Wikisource. # ^ â€Å"1897 Biac-na-Bato Constitution† . Corpus Juris. 1 November 1897. h ypertext transfer protocol: //www. thecorpusjuris. com/laws/constitutions/8-philippineconstitutions/300-1897-biac-na-bato-constitution. hypertext markup language? showall=1. Retrieved 2009-01-25. # ^ Tucker. Spencer C. ( 2009 ) . The encyclopaedia of the Spanish-American and Philippine-American wars: a political. societal. and military history. ABC-CLIO. p. 364. ISBN 9781851099511. hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com/ ? id=8V3vZxOmHssC # ^ Guevara. Sulpico. erectile dysfunction ( 2005 ) . The Torahs of the first Philippine Republic ( the Torahs of Malolos ) 1898-1899. . Ann Arbor. Michigan: University of Michigan Library ( published 1972 ) . pp. 104–119. hypertext transfer protocol: //quod. lib. umich. edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx? c=philamer ; iel=1 ; view=toc ; idno=aab1246. 0001. 001. Retrieved 2008-03-26. ( English interlingual rendition by Sulpicio Guevara ) # ^ Guevara 2005. p. 88.

Flodden - Battle of Flodden Field

Battle of Flodden - Conflict Date: The Battle of Flodden was fought September 9, 1513, during the War of the League of Cambrai (1508-1516). Battle of Flodden - Armies Commanders: Scotland King James IV34,000 men England Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey26,000 men Battle of Flodden - Background: Seeking to honor the Auld Alliance with France, King James IV of Scotland declared war on England in 1513. As the army mustered, it transitioned from the traditional Scottish spear to the modern European pike which was being used to great effect by the Swiss and Germans. While trained by the French Comte dAussi, it is unlikely that the Scots had mastered the weapon and maintaining the tight formations required for its use before moving south. Gathering around 30,000 men and seventeen guns, James crossed the border on August 22 and moved to seize Norham Castle. Battle of Flodden - The Scots Advance: Enduring miserable weather and taking high losses, the Scots succeeded in capturing Norham. In the wake of the success, many, tired of the rain and spreading disease, began to desert. While James loitered in Northumberland, King Henry VIIIs northern army began to gather under the leadership of Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey. Numbering around 24,500, Surreys men were equipped with bills, eight-foot long poles with blades at the end made for slashing. Joining his infantry were 1,500 light horsemen under Thomas, Lord Dacre. Battle of Flodden - The Armies Meet: Not wishing the Scots to slip away, Surrey dispatched a messenger to James offering battle on September 9. In an uncharacteristic move for a Scottish king, James accepted stating that he would remain in Northumberland until noon on the appointed day. As Surrey marched, James shifted his army into a fortress-like position atop Flodden, Moneylaws, and Branxton Hills. Forming a rough horseshoe, the position could only be approached from the east and required crossing the River Till. Reaching the Till Valley on September 6, Surrey immediately recognized the strength of the Scottish position. Again dispatching a messenger, Surrey chastised James for taking such a strong position and invited him to do battle on the nearby plains around Milfield. Refusing, James wished to fight a defensive battle on his own terms. With his supplies dwindling, Surrey was compelled to choose between abandoning the area or attempting a flanking march to the north and west to force the Scots out of their position. Opting for the latter, his men began crossing the Till at Twizel Bridge and Milford Ford on September 8. Reaching a position above the Scots, they turned south and deployed facing Branxton Hill. Due to continued stormy weather, James did not become aware of the English maneuver until sometime around noon on September 9. As a result, he began shifting his entire army to Branxton Hill. Formed in five divisions, Lord Hume and the Early of Huntly led the left, the Earls of Crawford and Montrose the left center, James the right center, and the Earls of Argyll and Lennox the right. The Earl of Bothwells division was held in reserve to the rear. Artillery was placed in the spaces between the divisions. At the base of the hill and across a small stream, Surrey deployed his men in similar fashion. Battle of Flodden - Disaster for the Scots: Around 4:00 in the afternoon, James artillery opened fire on the English position. Consisting largely of siege guns, they did little damage. On the English side, Sir Nicholas Appelbys twenty-two guns replied with great effect. Silencing the Scottish artillery, they began a devastating bombardment of James formations. Unable to withdraw over the crest without risking a panic, James continued to take losses. To his left, Hume and Huntly elected to begin the action without orders. Moving their men down the least steep part of the hill, their pikemen advanced toward Edmund Howards troops. Hampered by the severe weather, Howards archers fired with little effect and his formation was shattered by Hume and Huntlys men. Driving through the English, their formation began to dissolve and their advance was checked by Dacres horsemen. Seeing this success, James directed Crawford and Montrose to move forward and began advancing with his own division. Unlike the first attack, these divisions were forced to descend a steep slope which began to open their ranks. Pressing on, additional momentum was lost in crossing the stream. Reaching the English lines, Crawford and Montroses men were disorganized and the bills of Thomas Howard, the Lord Admirals men slashed into their ranks and cut the heads from the Scottish pikes. Forced to rely on swords and axes, the Scots took frightful losses as they were unable to engage the English as close range. To the right, James had some success and pushed back the division led by Surrey. Halting the Scottish advance, James men soon faced a situation similar to Crawford and Montrose. On the right, Argyle and Lennoxs Highlanders remained in position watching the battle. As a result, they failed to notice the arrival of Edward Stanleys division on their front. Though the Highlanders were in a strong position, Stanley saw that it could be flanked to the east. Sending forward a portion of his command to hold the enemy in place, the remainder made a concealed movement to the left and up the hill. Unleashing a massive arrow storm on the Scots from two directions, Stanley was able to force them to flee the field. Seeing Bothwells men advancing to support the king, Stanley reformed his troops and along with Dacre attacked the Scottish reserve from the rear. In a brief fight they were driven off and the English descended on the rear of the Scottish lines. Under attack on three sides, the Scots battled on with James falling in the fighting. By 6:00 PM much of the fighting had ended with the Scots retreating east over the ground held by Hume and Huntly. Battle of Flodden - Aftermath: Unaware of the magnitude of his victory, Surrey remained in place overnight. The next morning, Scottish horsemen were spotted on Branxton Hill but were quickly driven away. The remnants of the Scottish army limped back across the River Tweed. In the fighting at Flodden, the Scots lost around 10,000 men including James, nine earls, fourteen Lords of Parliament, and the Archbishop of St. Andrews. On the English side, Surrey lost around 1,500 men, most from Edmund Howards division. The largest battle in terms of numbers fought between the two nations, it was also Scotlands worst ever military defeat. It was believed at the time that every noble family in Scotland lost at least one person at Flodden. Selected Sources North East England History Pages: Battle of Flodden FieldElectric Scotland: Battle of FloddenUK Battlefields Resource Centre: Battle of Flodden

Setting up a partnership problem question - commercial law - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2465 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Did you like this example? Mr. Azwan and Mr. Zuhri are undecided whether to set up a company or a partnership. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Setting up a partnership problem question commercial law" essay for you Create order Before provide any suggestion, Mr. Azwan and Mr. Zuhri have to understand what is the difference between this two types of business. Partnership is a type of unincorporated association, which is an organisation without any legal personality distinct from its members.[1] This kind of business organisation is one of the favourable ways for many professionals, such as doctors, solicitors and accountants, to start their business by contributing their skills and knowledge, capital, and other resources together. Partnership was governed by the law in Malaysia, Partnership Act,1961. Refer from thePartnership Act 1980, partnership has been defined as the relation which subsists between persons carrying on a business in common with a view of profit.[2] Formation of a partnership To form a partnership, there must existing a free consent for all parties, consideration, legal purpose to form a partnership, and must be competencies partners. Under the Section 21 of the Partnership Act 19 61, stated that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the mutual rights and duties of partners whether ascertained by agreement or defined by this Act may be varied by the consent of all the partners and such consent may be either expressed or inferred from a course of dealingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Partnership is a contractual relationship, which is formalised by written agreement. Partners need to create a contract with each others, and everything stated in the agreement or contract must be cleared and agreed by all of the partners. Once partners have signed the contract, every terms stated in the contract were agreed by partners and need to fulfill and be responsible on it, such as carry on a business together to make and gain profit. Besides that, terms in the contract can be classified in implied and express terms. Implied terms can be varied by the partnership deed, such as management and indemnity, where express terms can be varied by consent from partners. Non-Separated Legal Identity. Partners hip is a not a separate legal identity, and they are existing two or above partners in the firm, who also have the power or authorities to manage the business. Means that they need to obtain the consent from partners before make any changes and decisions which will affected or related to the firm. In partnership, there are two types of partners existed, who can be as an active partner or a sleeping partner. Active partners are those who responsible on the business operation, where sleeping partners are not allowed to take part in the management of the the business and cannot ask for any extra money to pay those debts they owed. Liability Under the Limited Liabilities Partnership Act 2012, partners are the agent who represented their firm and stated that if partners unable to repay those debt, will be borne out of the property of the limited partnership. Limited partnership must be registered with the Registrar of Companies, and all of the partners must signed a statement which information are related to the firm name, general nature of the business, principal place of the firm, full name of each partners, date commencement and lifetime, description of every limited partner, and sum contributed by every limited partners. the firm name must be ended with the words à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"limited partnershipà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. Every partners are liable for the business debt and it is unlimited. Generally, partnershipà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s obligation or debts are liable for every partners. As partnership firm are those partners agreed to run the business, liable to the liability owed for the business, jointly and severally for tortuous acts and wrongs. The total amount for each partners to pay can be depends on the ratio of how much capital they had been contributed to the firm. Dissolution and winding up The dissolution of a partnership is the process during which the affairs of the partnership are wound up, which means the partnership has already comes to an end. If there are changes occurs in membership, the firm need to be dissolved at the time, even business activities are still carrying on by other partners. Where the firm is dissolved and not carrying on the business activities as before, the firm will be winding up. There are fews reasons for a firm to dissolved. Partnership firm can be dissolved by partners, who determined to leave. Partners choose to leave might because of the performance of business, conflict existed between partners, or else. One of the partners choose to leave, the partnership will be terminated. There are a provision is made to regulate this situation. the death or bankruptcy of a partner will also causes the agreement be terminated. Partnership firm can be dissolved by court order. In section 37 of Partnership Act 1961, there are existing this rules, for the purpose to terminate the partnership agreement. The firms are unable to generate profits or the performance of the partner who are incapable fulfilling the part of his responsible in the contract, partnerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s behaviour or conducts already breach the partnership agreement, and also if the court considers that it just and equitable, court will order the firm to dissolved. Therefore, the reasons for Court to dissolve a partnership must be based on those reasons. Timing also become one of the reasons to dissolve the partnership firm, lapse of time. When businessman started their business, will be believed to have an indefinitely life time to run their business. But in the agreement, need to stated down the specified lifetime. Company A company is a legal entity which have a legal personality, separate and distinct from its members and shareholders. Companies Act 1965 is the principal of the legislation to govern the formation and operation of the company. Every company running business in Malaysia need to register to the Registrar of Companies Malaysia, and become a registered company. registered company. Existing Act is to protect the right and interests of shareholders, and also provides facilities for the incorporation of companies, management and winding up. A company must have at least 2 members to manage the business. There are two types of company, which is private limited company and public limited company. Private limited company can only have 50 members and not included employee and subsidiaries. They cannot sell their shares to general publics and it is unquoted. the name at the end of the company is with the words of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Sendirian Berhadà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. Public limited company is unlimited on their members. This company will used to selling their shares to raise capital and manage by board of directors who are elected by shareholders. The name of this company is ended with à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Berhadà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. Formation To form a company, refer to the Companies Act 1965, Section 14, any two or more persons associated for any lawful purpose may by subscribing their names to a memorandum and complying with the requirements as to registration form an incorporated company. the persons who wants to run a business in form of company, need to obtain the approval for the company name. Not all the name are acceptable or some name was already existed, to avoid meet the same name of two companies. When prepare to register and open up a business, registration fees are needed to be paid to government. There also have some certain documents to lodge with the Registrar of companies, such as The Memorandum and Articles of Association, Statutory declarations by promoters or directors, Particulars of directors and registered office, Declaration of compliance, and lastly, the statement of the allotment of shares to the subscribers to the Memorandum. Separate Legal Entity Company is being as a l egal person in its own right. The company has a legal identity of it own, which distinct from its members. The law is separated the law from shareholders, directors, or employees in the company. If there is a wrong is done to a company, company has the responsible to obligate, not shareholders. Liability The liabilities borrowed by the company or be in debt to other parties to run the business is known as the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s debt. The liabilities owed by a company are its own, their members are not liable to pay for the company. For those company who had already registered are having a limited liability, the company do not owned the complete immunity. The limited sum of liability owing was the amount which had already agreed before. If the company are runs out of money, and unable to satisfy their customers, are not allowed to exceed the limitation. Some companies used shares to limit their liability and also by guarantee. People buy shares of the company normall y because of the company have the potential to generate profit and confidence on the higher return. Generally, full price of payment are needed to pay at once. If the investors are allowed to pay half first, another half are liable to the company. Suddenly if the company went into liquidation before they pay the amount of outstanding to the company, they also need to pay at that time to the company. If the shares has already transferred to another person, the person are take over to pay the outstanding amount. Winding up of company Company is Registered under the Registrar of companies and have a legal personality of their own. If the company are going to wind up or in a liquidation, it may be brought into one of two legal process. The ways to winding up can be either because of the court order, voluntary liquidation, and distribution of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s assets. Liquidation by court order. A company winding up by court also known as compulsory winding up. Peti tioners can be creditors, liquidators, the Registrar of companies or the Official Receiver which has stated under section 217(1) of Companies Act 1965. Those parties would became petitioners most probably because of the company unable to pay theirs debt. The Court does the order of winding up which appointed by petitioners. If the court considered that there is just and equitable to wind up a company, the court also will gave an order to the company. This could be based on the objects clause of the company are different with the purpose on foundation of the company. If the purpose are failed to be achieved, the substratum of the company also failed. Beside that, the management of a small company are fall into a deadlock decision which unable to make any decisions, and also lack of confidence to manage the business. The problems must be based on the business matters, rather than a personal matters, and must amount to more than merely being outvoted. Voluntary liquidation. there are two types of voluntary liquidations, which are membersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ voluntary liquidations and creditorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ voluntary liquidations. Membersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ voluntary liquidation is decided by the shareholders of the company, which appointed by member to liquidator, whether they want to end up the company or continue to run the business. If they decided to end up the business, they can sell off those assets they owned and gain the money. Normally this will be decided in the general meeting. Creditors voluntary liquidation occurs when the company are into liquidation because of insolvent, from the directorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ request. This is who those creditors appoint to the liquidator. It was happened when there are the liabilities more than assets in the company, or the company unable to pay off all the debts.Company must have a meeting with their creditors with 14 days to give an explaination of it. Distribution of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s assets. Company need to distribute their assets, which owned by the company, whether the winding up are compulsory or voluntary. Creditors, who the company owed money from them, have the right to sell the assets which he has charge. The assets can be as a mortgage to the creditors. Ultra Vires Doctrine In the simply terms, Ultra Vires means à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"beyond the powerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"lack of powerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in respect of an act carried out by a person or body.[3] The company has beyond the authority of a corporation to perform, which also meaning that what the company had done was already over their object clause. Those directors have done beyond the restriction. Even though all of the directors in the company are wish to ratify it, but it is not allowed and voided. This doctrine is lack of the legal capacity to incur the responsibility. Ultra Vires has been used in different senses in company l aw. First, ultra vires is used to describe the acts which the action done by the company is beyond its capacity. Second, the agent of the company has carried out an actions which is excess or abuse of their powers, the directors of the company. Third, it is within the capacity and power of the company, but are in violation or in excess of the articles. [4] The development of the Ultra Vires Doctrine is the protects those investors and creditors.It is not to be established yet until the cases of Ashbury Railway Carriage and Iron Company Limited v Hector Riche, (1875). The fact of the case is the company contracted to build a railway line in Belgium, and entered into a contract with Mr Riche to employ him to construct a railway. After Riche had begun work and incurred expenses, the company repudiated the contract. He was left without any remedy becauses the contract was made outside the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s objects clause, which were à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"to make and sell, or lend o n hire railway carriages and wagons, and all kinds of railway plaint, fittings, machinery and rolling stock to carry on the business of mechanical engineers and general contractors to purchase and sell as merchants timber, coal, metal or other materials; and to buy and sell any materials on commissions or as agents.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ The contract was ratified by all the members of the company, but later on it was repudiated by the company. Riche sued the company for breach of contract. The court held that an ultra vires act or contract is void in it inception and it is void because the company had not the capacity to make it and since the company lacks the capacity to make such contract, how it can have capacity to ratify it. If the shareholders are permitted to ratify an ultra vires act or contract, it will be nothing but permitting them to do the very thing which, by the Act of Parliament, they are prohibited from doing. The contract was beyond the objects as defined in the obj ects clause of its memorandum and therefore it was void. The company had no capacity to ratify the contract. The effect of ultra vires transaction Ultra vires can be classified in contract, borrowings, and In terms of borrowings, which is related to the beyond power of the company in borrowings. The courts have developed certain principles is to protect such lenders. [1]LFB Pg 470 [2]PG 410 [3]136 [4]136

The Ruler Of Germany Adolf Hitler - 874 Words

The ruler of Germany his name was Adolf Hitler. After reading about his history I felt quite interesting about him. The first conqueror of Germany was the brave person who never afraid of others although his origin was Austria. From his childhood only he was leader and popular in his school level due to his potential. During his childhood he was not that much good at study but he was interested in doing arts and architecture. He left his school because of his father’s death. He didn’t attended school in his hometown up to three years when he left the school. After three years he applied for the academy name called Vienna academy of arts and architecture but he was rejected. At that time he didn’t do anything but after thinking for long time he kept about politics in his mind. He was the first person who was interested about politics. Almost He was interested about anti-Semitic, nationalist Christian-socialist party (). He enrolled and walked with the parties for a long time and also became success in many steps. He had done a great job for the politics. When the first world was started to begun he was also enrolled in the war as a volunteer for fight for the Germany army and shown his bravery. After looking his great braveness, he gained the rank of the corporal also earned a dispatch runner prize belonging to this he had also won several prizes for his bravery. After his several war he wasShow MoreRelatedAdolf Hitler As A Leader Of Nazi Germany1677 Words   |  7 PagesAdolf Hitler once said â€Å"It is more difficult to fight against faith than against knowledge† (â€Å"30 Eye Catching Hitler Quotes.). In a dictatorship there is one ruler who is in charge of everything in the nation in which he/she rules. Adolf Hitler was born on April 20, 1889 in Braunau am Inn. Hitler also known as Fà ¼hrer; he was chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and served as dictator from 1934 to 1945. Adolf Hitler was the leader of Nazi Germany, he was one of the initial causes which triggeredRead MoreAdolf Hitler As A Post Christ1349 Words   |  6 Pages People sometimes refer to Adolf Hitler as a post-Christ Nero because of Hitler s ruthless attitudes and actions towards innocent citizens, similar to Nero when he persecuted Christians during his rule about two thousand years prior(Kershaw). Hitler dealt with a depressing childhood, which included the deaths of his parents and the inability to pursue his dreams as an artist(Knapp). Thereafter, Hitler became interested in politics, as he eventually joined the Small German Workers party(Nazis)Read MoreThe Holocaust, By Robert Burns1121 Words   |  5 PagesNazi Germany led by Adolf Hitler from 1939 to 1945. There were millions of people that were cycled through the concentration camps that the Nazis built. The millions of people that were killed are just a small portion of the billions that were indirectly impacted by the horrible actions of the Nazis. I believe t hat Nazi Germany performed inhumane acts on the people that they put into the concentration camps, therefore indirectly affecting millions, possibly billions, of people. When Adolf HitlerRead MoreAdolf Hitler : The World s Most Recognizable And Notable Leaders1426 Words   |  6 Pages   Adolf Hitler, born April 20, 1889, in Braunau am Inn, Austria, grew up to be Germany’s dictator in the 1930s and early 40s, killing millions of Jews in the process. His childhood and young adulthood may be cited by some as the reason for his oppressive attitude and vicious behavior that would be very clear later in his profound life. Adolf Hitler, one the world’s most recognizable and notable leaders, lived a life marked by torture and hate, a childhood full of unfortunate events, an honorableRead MoreEssay on Adolf Hitler927 Words   |  4 PagesAdolf Hitler Adolf Hitler, to some, was a great ruler, but to others he was a murderer. Hitler was the leader of the Nazi party and was the dictator of Germany. He ordered to have millions of Jews murdered or thrown in prisons. Adolf Hitler was born April 20, 1889, in a small town in Australia called Branuan. His dads name was Alios Hitler and was a customs official. He was 51 years old when Adolf was born. Klara Polz, Adolfs mother, was a farm girl and was 28 when Adolf was bornRead MorePol Pot vs. Adolf Hitler Essay1237 Words   |  5 PagesThough Communist leader Pol Pot and German nationalist Adolf Hitler can be compared in several ways, there are also myriad differences between their ascendancies. The social dispositions and executions of Adolf Hitler and Pol Pot, although similar in several ways, also differed for numerous reasons during their supremacies. The social perspectives and exploits of Hitler and Pol Pot have multiple similarities. For example, both Pol Pot and Hitler advocated and, to an extent, succeeded in mass executionRead MoreWhy Was Jesse Owens A Black Man Was The Dictator Of Germany?1055 Words   |  5 Pages It was 1936 and Hitler was the ruler of Germany, his beliefs were very opinionated. He thought Arians were the born rulers and leaders of the world and everyone else was 2nd. Jesse Owens a black man was going to the Olympics in Berlin, Germany. In the 1936 Olympics Jesse Owens took a stand against Adolf Hitler because, he challenged his mindset towards minorities and proved you don’t have to be Arian to be great at sports. As you may know Hitler was the dictator of Germany. He ruled from 1934Read MoreAdolf Hitler : Mein Kampf, Nation And Race1108 Words   |  5 PagesJennifer Mills College Writing Dec 11, 2014 Adolf Hitler: Mein Kampf, Nation and Race Adolf Hitler was born in Austria, on April 20, 1889. He was the fourth child of the six children from Alois Hitler and Klara Polzl. When Adolf was three years old, his whole family moved into Germany. In his young age, he had many arguments with his father until he became detached and introverted when his young brother died in 1900. (HistoryLearningSite, 2014) Adolf was interested in fine arts than business, soRead More Adolf Hitlers Leadership and the Government that Follows Essay1163 Words   |  5 Pagesrich exploit the proletariat.† This is the exact idea that Adolf Hitler had. If the people knew just how much strength they had as a whole, it was enough to over throw the power of one man. In Animal Farm, the pigs didn’t feel as if they were being treated equally and were able to over throw one leader who just so happens to be Mr. Frederick, the tough owner of Pinchfield who portrays Germany, or in finer terms, Adolf Hitler. Adolf Hitler was a dictator of the German Nazi movement. He was born AprilRead MoreConnections Between Hitler And The Prince1307 Words   |  6 PagesConnections between Hitler and The Prince Hitler said, â€Å"Germany will either be a world power or will not be at all† (â€Å"Adolf Hitler Quote†). Adolph Hitler became the leader of the German Nazi party in 1933. His leadership was both loved and despised. He controlled the Nazi party for more than a decade (â€Å"Adolph Hitler†). Considering the length of Hitler’s reign, he must have had leadership qualities that people found admirable or they feared him so greatly that no one would attempt to overthrow

Business Capstone Project Synergy Electricity Generator

Question: Discuss about the Business Capstone Project Synergy Electricity Generator. Answer: Risks of Synergy From the video, it clear that the organizations biggest issue at the moment is loss of profitability since 2010. As mentioned by the chief executive officer of the organization, the 2015-16 financial years were a tough one for the organization. He also mentioned that the challenges faced by the organization were mainly because of the changing energy usage patterns by the consumers of West Australia. He also mentioned some other reasons such as difficult economic condition and oversupplied market that are creating problems from the organization. Whatever, the reason is, it is true that slowly but steadily the organization is losing their grip on its market share. From the annual report of the organization it can be seen that the organization is facing challenges that have impacted its bottom line performance with an overall reduction in net profit after tax of $60 million which was nearly 125 million in the last year. This took because of the reduction in revenue of nearly $650 millio n in the year of 2014[1]. In the annual report of the organization it also mentioned that the main reasons behind this low profitability are inclusion of carbon revenue and decline in average electricity prices along with a decline in electricity demand among the consumers. From the video, the thin becomes clearer as in the video it is again stated that the organization has lost 4% profitability in the last year[2]. However, along with the loss in profitability the major risk for the organization is the decrease in demand. It was expected that after 2010, due to excessive use of technologies, the organization will gain more profitability[3]. However, the organization is currently experiencing anything but that. The explanation behind this change is that the consumers and the technological tools have become smarter than expected. Another reason that was explained was the increasing use of solar photovoltaic cells (PV cells) among the consumers[4]. It is stated that nearly 17% which i s 170,000 consumers of Synergy have developed their own power station based on solar energy. Therefore, those consumers are now not buying electricity from the organization or any other organization. Number or such consumers are increasing rapidly. Therefore, the chances are high that in next few years more number of consumers will develop such power stations within their residents and will stop buying electricity from Synergy. This is another major risk for the organization as it will drastically hurt the profitability of the organization in the future. In this situation, it is the high time for the management of the organization to take some steps to deal with the issues. Otherwise, in the near future, it will be impossible for Synergy to cope up with the consumer trend in the power supply industry of Australia[5]. Causes of risks faced by Synergy From the video, it is clear that there are some major reasons behind the fact that consumption of electricity in Australia is reducing day by day. According to the Chief Financial Officer of Synergy main three reasons behind the low consumption of electricity among the consumers are increasing use of smart appliances and use of solar PV cells. Uses of solar energy in Australia: It can be seen that the solar energy system in Australia are popularly used homes and business organizations. Mostly, concentrated solar power energy systems are used to heat water for regular use along with to heat indoor water tanks and swimming pools[6]. Normally, these activities consume a lot of electricity. Using solar power energy is automatically reducing a huge amount of electricity use. On the other hand, in Australia, large scale projects of concentrated solar plants are seen which are responsible for providing electricity to several business organization and homes at a comparatively cheaper price. Besides, the Australian people are also embracing the use of passive solar energy systems at the time of designing and developing new homes. These types of homes are developed with special designs where roofing, windows and the entire architecture is aligned in way that it will face the Sun at unique orientation[7]. In the past, people used sol ar panels as either primary or secondary source of electric power. However, in recent time the price of electricity has increased and as a result, most of the consumers have applied solar panels as their primary and only source of power. From the video, it can be found that nearly 170,000 consumers have developed solar panels in their roofs. The number is also growing rapidly as more consumers are shifting to solar panels from conventional electricity. There are some major reasons behind these issues faced by the leading electricity producing organization of Australia. Those reasons will be mentioned in the next section of the report. Energy efficiency First compulsory regulatory energy efficiency measures of Australia were announced in the year of 1990. These rules and regulations were compulsory for Mandatory Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) for any type of refrigerator and freezers. From then, these standards are extended to a very wide range of residential and commercial appliances and equipments. To the new buildings and infrastructures that were built in Australia, analogous energy efficiency requirements were applied mandatorily. According to (), data was collected to measure the impact of such rules and regulations on the electricity consumption by the people of Australia. It was found that between 2006 and 2013, these mandatory rules and regulations reduced annual demand for electricity by 10.5 TWh or almost 30% of the total TWh reduction. In addition, the home appliances manufacturing companies including companies that manufacture air conditions, freezers and refrigerators started to manufacture products that are more energy efficient than ever[8]. It means those products consume lesser amount of electricity in order to provide expected services. That was another reason that the energy consumption was reduced. Another major reason was increased price of electricity. 2009-2010 was the time when the effect of carbon price on electricity prices became a major national and political issue. During the same year, it was seen that prices of electricity was rapidly increasing because of higher network prices. This became the political issue in Australia and also became a major preoccupation of political debate. As a result of the political attention that was given to the electricity prices, the consumers also started to pay more attention than they had previously done to their expenditure on electricity. Once the consumers started to realize that the price of electricity has increased has increased rapidly, they started to limit their consumption. The outcome showed up strongly in the overall electricity demand figures from 2011. This data or information absolutely matches with the statement of Chief Financial Officer of Synergy[9]. In the video, he continuously stated that the situation related t o electricity consumption drastically changed from the year of 2010. He also stated that due to high price of electricity the organization expected higher profitability. However, the equation and the expectation entirely went wrong as consumers started to look for alternative solutions and started to limit their electricity consumption. The organization never anticipated such behavior of the consumers which led the company to a loss[10]. Recommended solutions In order to deal with the problems, the Synergy and its management will have to take some steps[11]. In the current scenario, there are recommendations are provided below from which the organization can select the best solution to improve their current situation in the market. Strategies to improve sales revenue Once the organization will be able to identify and evaluate main profit drivers in the current scenario, they will be able to establish strategies to grow them further without even increasing the overall cost. If the organization is looking to make the business more profitable, then it will have to find out ways to increase sales revenue as well as decreasing cost[12]. In order to decrease the organizational cost the management of the organization will have to increase productivity of the employees. In order to that, it is necessary to recognize and reward employee contributions with employee performance reviews. Employees can also be trained so that their sales skills can be improved. They must be taught to upsell products so consumers can make multiple purchases at one time. Besides, for the organization it is also important to conduct surveys with the consumers to develop new products. For example, if the demand of solar panels is high among the consumers of Australia, then Synergy can develop a separate and new unit to develop and enhance solar panels. On the other hand, it is seen that the organization is mostly conducting business on Western side of Australia. If the demand for electricity is decreasing in that region, the management of the organization will have to find new consumers[13]. Market researchers can be conducted to make sure if t he organization can expand their business in new areas. Besides, as it is already stated that due to increased price of electricity, the consumers are adapting alternative measures, the organization can identify strategies to reduce the price of electricity to attract the consumers once again[14]. As an immediate step, the management of the organization can deliver price discounts and can conduct promotions to increase the base of consumers. Strategies to decrease cost In order to provide lower electricity price, it is necessary to crease the overall organizational cost of the organization. The organization can start with decreasing stock control which is a good way to streamline the business. On the other hand, the organization can also ensure that it has the right suppliers for the business[15]. Negotiation is always a productive policy for better prices or discounts for buying in bulk. Synergy management can also benchmark its business which will help the organization to compare its cost with similar businesses in the industry to understand whether they are demanding too much from the consumers or not[16]. References Allouhi, A., Y. El Fouih, T. Kousksou, A. Jamil, Y. Zeraouli, and Y. Mourad. "Energy consumption and efficiency in buildings: current status and future trends." Journal of Cleaner Production 109 (2015): 118-130. Al-mulali, Usama, Hassan Gholipour Fereidouni, and Janice YM Lee. "Electricity consumption from renewable and non-renewable sources and economic growth: Evidence from Latin American countries." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 30 (2014): 290-298. Bahadori, Alireza, and Chikezie Nwaoha. "A review on solar energy utilisation in Australia." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 18 (2013): 1-5. Buckman, Greg, Jon Sibley, and Richard Bourne. "The large-scale solar feed-in tariff reverse auction in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia." Energy Policy 72 (2014): 14-22. Harries, Tim, Ruth Rettie, Matthew Studley, Kevin Burchell, and Simon Chambers. "Is social norms marketing effective? A case study in domestic electricity consumption." European Journal of Marketing 47, no. 9 (2013): 1458-1475. Hayat, Muhammad Adnan, Farhad Shahnia, and Ali Arefi. "Comparison of the electricity tariffs and bills across the zones of Australian power distribution companies." In Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), 2016 Australasian Universities, pp. 1-6. IEEE, 2016. Helbig, Sean. "The road toward sustainable energy in Western Australia: what legal and policy settings could make the South West Interconnected System renewable?." Australian Environmental Law Digest 2, no. 3 (2015): 32. Ma, Chunbo, and Michael Burton. "The Public's Preference for Green Power in Australia." In Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society Conference, Port Maquarie. 2014. Ma, Chunbo, and Michael Burton. "Warm glow from green power: Evidence from Australian electricity consumers." Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 78 (2016): 106-120. McKerracher, Colin, and Jacopo Torriti. "Energy consumption feedback in perspective: integrating Australian data to meta-analyses on in-home displays." Energy Efficiency 6, no. 2 (2013): 387-405. Prasad, Abhnil A., Robert A. Taylor, and Merlinde Kay. "Assessment of solar and wind resource synergy in Australia." Applied Energy 190 (2017): 354-367. Santamouris, Matheos, Constantinos Cartalis, Afroditi Synnefa, and Dania Kolokotsa. "On the impact of urban heat island and global warming on the power demand and electricity consumption of buildingsA review." Energy and Buildings 98 (2015): 119-124. Shahbaz, Muhammad, Aviral Kumar Tiwari, Ilhan Ozturk, and Abdul Farooq. "Are fluctuations in electricity consumption per capita transitory? Evidence from developed and developing economies." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 28 (2013): 551-554. synergy.net.au. 2017. "Welcome To Synergy". Synergy. https://www.synergy.net.au/. Tayal, Vanessa Rauland. "Barriers and Opportunities for Residential Solar PV and Storage MarketsA Western Australian Case Study." Global Journal of Research In Engineering 16, no. 7 (2017). Yang, Liu, Haiyan Yan, and Joseph C. Lam. "Thermal comfort and building energy consumption implicationsa review." Applied Energy 115 (2014): 164-173.

The Game Of Golf Essays - Golf, , Term Papers

The Game Of Golf Activty: The Stress-Relase of the Game of Golf As a male in this crazy world, I need a form of stress-relase that won't be destructive on me or anybody else. The game of golf might be boring to others in the sense of, all the golfer does is hit the small, white ball into the hole. True, in essense, this is all the game is about, but the difficulty level unmatched. Just hitting the ball won't make it magically go into the hole. A person must know excatly what is going on at the present time to determine what shot has to be made. This is what is the stress-relase for me. Just tring to determine what shot has to be made, at what angle or at a certain force, takes my mind off what has been stressing me. Having been playing golf for five years, in the begining, the game itself was a stressor. I din't want to play much because I wasn't good the minute I picked up a golf club. Having absolutly no patience, my clubs were thrown many a day. It took me at least a year and a half to compete with anybody. But as I persevered, I relized that I wasn't that bad of a golfer. This enlightenment showed me that is I was to stick with something, that I could be good with a little pratice. As I would go to the golf course, I realized that my problems would seem smaller because I would take a few hours out of my day and not think of it. I guess a person, looking from the outside, would say that golf is a form of escape for me. Regetfully, I would have to agree. If a problem has been on my mind and I can't seem to get my head clear, sure I grab the golf clubs and head out to the course. If I didn't have is simple game of putting the small, white ball into the hole, I know for a fact I would be a nervous wreck. Sports and Games