Health Threats From Environmental Pollutants Research Paper

Health Threats From Environmental Pollutants - Research Paper Example Evaporation of seawater has increased and this has resulted in droughts in some regions, and increased rains in other areas. Such unpredictable climatic changes have posed a threat to the economic well being of the developing countries. The rapid nature of these climatic changes has generally caught mankind on the wrong foot (Victor). Food production has been adversely affected, and the sudden and unpredictable changes in the climate have increased the mortality rate amongst those who dwell in coastal areas. It is the principal objective of the Kyoto agreement to countenance these challenges. This agreement endeavors to engender better cooperation between countries, in order to reduce global warming. Nevertheless, the fact remains that the Kyoto agreement is just an initial, though significant, step in this direction and several such agreements have to be implemented (Victor). There are several factors that contribute to water pollution. There are direct and indirect contamination sources, which act as contributory causes for water contamination. For instance, the effluents from industries and factories directly contribute to water contamination. Chemical treatment plants and chemical production units are major water pollutants. These are termed as direct contamination sources. In urban areas, such direct sources contaminate drinking water. Therefore, many countries have taken stringent measures to prevent drinking water pollution. The governments of developed nations have enacted several legislations to prevent industries and factories from discharging their chemical effluents into water sources. Despite these steps, water contamination still continues in most countries (Rubin). Water is chiefly contaminated by the activities of humans.

Int Econ Term Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Int Econ Term Paper - Essay Example The paper attempts to examine how far the economic growth in Vietnam and the Czech Republic in recent years is attributed to a large scale FDI received by them. The paper also explores about the impact created by FDI on exports from these countries. Impact of FDI in Vietnam Vietnam moved to market economy in 1986. Since then Vietnam has been able to witness exponential growth in gross domestic product (GDP) and per capita income. Vietnam's average growth rate between 1986 and 1990 is estimated at 4.4 percent that went up dramatically to 8.18 percent during 1991-95. This resulted into almost threefold increase in per capita income between 1988 and 1995; however, Asian financial Crises in 1997-98 acted as a dampener and the GDP growth rate slumped to 4.8 percent in year 1999. During the five-year plan of 2001-05, economy of Vietnam grew at the average rate of 7.48 percent doubling per capita income at US $639 when compared with 1997 level. And all this is attributed to the huge FDI tha t Vietnam received during the period. Between 1988 and 2006, total 8,266 FDI projects were registered with capital outlay of over US$ 78 billion. In 2006 alone, Vietnam attracted FDI to the tune of almost US$ 12 billion (Hoang and Tubtimtong, 2010). Varamini and Vu emphasize, "There is a statistically significant relationship between FDI and the rate of economic growth in Vietnam" (137). They strongly recommend that Vietnam should further revise their economic policies. If the Vietnamese government forays reforms in banking and financial sectors then huge portfolio investment may flow in Vietnam supporting FDI inflows. It is important to note that all in all 76 countries have provided FDI inflows in Vietnam in past two decades. Singapore, Taiwan, Japan and South Korea form a largest group of countries having invested in Vietnam comprising over 46 percent of the total FDI (Varamini & Vu). Anwar and Nguyen argue that substantial economic reforms and trade liberalization policies has c aused massive inflow of FDI resulting into substantial economic growth in Vietnam. Their findings reveal that a relationship does exist between imports and FDI and exports and FDI in Vietnam for the period between 1990 and 2007; however, the impact of FDI on exports is significant during the post-Asian crisis period rather than pre-Asian crisis period. Not only exports but also imports surged during the period with the rising FDI. Foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) in Vietnam have played a significant role in increasing export base. While counting for FIEs share in total manufacturing goods export, it has gone up from only 20 percent to over 50 percent during the same period (Athukorala and Tien, 2012). Weakness in having global distribution networks, lack of brands and economies of scale are principal reasons restricting the growth of exports in developing economies. The crux lies in export-oriented manufacturing activity. That is why export-oriented FDI has done miracles in Vietn am; the Vietnam’s case reveals that transitional economies can serve as a strong export platform for MNCs. Authors emphasize that cheap labor and an improved legal environment has made Vietnam a potential place for multinational companies. It is estimated that a 1 percent rise in FDI inflows is expected to increase Vietnamese exports by 0.13 percent (Xuan and Xing). Impact of FDI in the Czech

Free

Freedom to Comment Essay When working in a group, one cannot help but find things to disagree on. I don’t believe that is a deliberate choice; I believe that is just the way things are, since each person is endowed with the faculty of reason. In one of my experiences in working with a group, I had to decide within myself whether I would exercise my freedom to comment or maintain my silence. I remember having to work in a group while in college, and we were tasked with finishing a paper and thereafter presenting it in class. While writing the paper we chanced upon materials that have been submitted to our professor by the previous year’s class. The said materials contained all relevant research and findings that we would need to make an excellent report. My group mates wanted to use the materials so we could save on time and effort. Moreover, using the materials we discovered would better our chances at landing better grades, which would be beneficial for all of us. I kept waiting for one of the members of the team to speak up and challenge the morality of the group’s plan. However, I heard nothing but agreement. In my heart I felt what we were about to do was wrong, but still I struggled with the fear that I would be an outcast if I talked against them. I definitely felt the pressure of the need to conform. However, I knew that I could not live with the fact of cheating, so I told them I did not feel comfortable with the plan. I said there is a grave danger of expulsion if we were caught cheating. My group mates thought I was being self-righteous at first, but the fear of expulsion and grave reprimand led them to accept my position.

Regulation of the Media in the UAE

Regulation of the Media in the UAE Introduction Anyone gaze for an overall depiction of freedom of appearance and the press since the Arab Awakening that started in 2011 may desire to interpret my topicalarticle published in Jadaliyya. The analysis scrutinize the moves taken in Arab countries since the disturbances around the region–particularly the permissible actions taken by governments. The consequence is rather disheartening, predominantly from the country’s that haven’t yet seen any political change. Most of these countries use the subsequent legal methods to threaten journalists and social media activists: unlawful defamation, â€Å"affront the ruler† charges, laws against â€Å"counterfeit communication,† restriction to protect public order, and the licensing of journalists. Years of government terrorization have created a â€Å"culture of repression.† Here is the section about this issue: Nevertheless, perchance the biggest restraint to Arab journalism (and, again, forgive me for speaking in generalities) is the consequence of years of oppression on the profession. Many journalists merely acknowledge that they cannot do their jobs appropriately and have acquiesced to the situation. Others, who have been eminent to positions of authority in Arab newsrooms, have become skillful at censoring the journalists under them. In innumerable discussions with journalists in the Arab world, I’ve heard that editors often do the jobs of government officials by ass assination the stories they sense may grounds trouble. Judiciary closes UAE newspaper: A United Nations human rights connoisseur said on Wednesday that the United Arab Emirates’ magistrates is under the true control of the nations managerial branch, adding that the administration should permit self-governing investigations into declare of distress in the event that it doesnt need its picture to endure. The preparatory discoveries by the UN Special Rapporteur on the sovereignty of judges and lawyers offer an exceptional appear into the Gulf Emirates legal framework. She said she found reasonable cases of prisoner who were detained incommunicado for months, exposed to tremendous temperatures, and now and then electrocuted. The UAE, home to contemporary skyscrapers and soaring international ambitions, prides itself on being a multi-ethnic core with cities like Dubai that draw professionals from around the world. However, several belongings discard luminosity on the strains in the Emirates between cosmopolitan advancement and the nations lawful framework. Numerous fascinate Westerners whose cases are often more exposed than the Emirates’ noteworthy population of South Asians running in construction. A US subject was held for nine months for his position in an online cartoon feature about youth society in Dubai. In an alternate case, a Norwegian woman who reported she had been assaulted was condemnation to 16 months in penitentiary for having sex outside matrimony. Her sentence was ultimately dropped, but the case piercing to wider concern of conventional views on sex and alcohol. Analytical analysis report on freedom of emirate press: Overseas journalists operational in the  United Arab Emirates  maintain that the authorities are roasting press freedom. A senior journalist who has been based in Dubai for the precedent eight years said: Its inferior than its ever been. Reporters at chief news agencies have been told to shun writing pessimistic stories about the UAEs financial system. Two days ago a journalist functioning for Bloombergwas apprehended on entrance a Dubai  airport and, after a two-hour questioning about his work, was warned to be careful. These incidents approaches as the UAE situated on the edge of adopting a new-fangled media law that, according to the New York-based  Human Rights Watch, will dent free appearance. It specifically forbids the magazine of stories that are believed damaging to the nationwide financial system. A British journalist functioning in Dubai who asked me to preserve his anonymity said that the UAE is withdrawing from the preceding and hesitant compress freedom advances of the past.Everything was very well when the cutback was thriving because the stories about Dubai and Abu Dhabi were all positive, he said. Now the depression is revealing stories of commercial dishonesty that engage Emirati officials, and the authorities gaze at that as unacceptable. The senior journalist, an American who also spine on the sympathetic that I would not disclose his uniqueness, agreed. He said There is a separate between a policy aimed at encouraging a free press and the authenticity on the ground.It is consideration that 1,000 foreign journalists are positioned in the UAE. Many of them in employment for the most important agencies, such asReuters, APandAFP.Dow Jonesalone has a staff of 16. Worldwide TV channels, such asCNBC, are also surrounded by the media companies that have congregates to Dubais media city, a business commons set up in 2000, as the sheikdom seemed ready to cuddle western-style freedoms. Journalists now suppose that the proposed law, which is pending presidential endorsement, is an endeavor to row back from previous reforms. It is contemplation to be the consequence of concerns by officials who scuttle the compress narrow body, the national media council (NMC). In a statement posted on the official Emirates, the NMC maintains, the new-fangled draft law symbolize a momentous step forward in terms of compress freedom in the UAE. It bases its disagreement on the information that the law removes all orientation to jail sentences and also lessens the number of offences under the law that can draw financial penalties. However, this cuts modest ice with journalists. It does not eliminate all penalties, said the British journalist. We can motionless be fined for what we inscribe. He clarified that sort out by the NMC is practiced through sacred enlistment and authorizing commitments. On the off chance that we sign up to this law we will be required not to compose anything negative to the national investment. In any case, what are criteria? It would put us in an incomprehensible position. Under the proposed law, fines up to about  £100,000 can be forced for convey misdirecting news that damages the national economy. It additionally incorporates fines of up to  £1m for offending parts of the legislature and the decision gang. Both writers additionally discussed the probability of expanded control toward oneself, asserting that nearby media outlets have constantly abstained from distributed stories that could outrage administering authorities. Presently the powers are going for coaxing universal media into receiving a comparable practice. They likewise indicate the knowledge of The National, the state-claimed broadsheet paper distributed in Dubais neighboring sheikdom, Abu Dhabi that is altered by previous Daily Telegraph supervisor, Martin Newland. Then again, the pair has altogether different notions about the way the paper works. The British columnist accepts that Newland plays a wary diversion with authorities by seeming to maintain limitations however sneaking in material that would be viewed as incendiary. Notwithstanding, the American columnist is far harsher in his judgment. It toes the line, he said. It looks dazzling, giving the presence of being a genuine, upright paper. Then again, would it say it is incredulous of Abu Dhabis imperial crew? Never does it scrutinize the political framework? No. Has it served to make a free media environment? No. â€Å"both columnists likewise accept the UAEs rulers are intensely delicate to feedback in western media. Sanction imposes on newspaper unfair or arbitrary: The daily paper in a report, said the choice is in dissent against the late subjective assents forced on it and its supervisor by the press administrative body, the Conseil National de la Press (CNP). The daily paper additionally blamed the CNP for not releasing its order altogether. The Management of Lintelligent dabidjan wishes to prompt its peruses and accomplices, experts of the division and additionally the overall population, both neighborhood and global, that the daily paper wont show up until further perceive in dissent against the authorizations forced on it by the administrative body which are altogether negligence of the predominating laws, said the report issued and marked by Alafà © Wakili, director and legitimate illustrative of Socef-Ntic, distributers of the daily paper. The CNP on July 25 suspended Lintelligent dabidjan for 12 distributions due to the refusal of Wakili, to conform to the summons of the Council regarding examinations concerning a case including him a nd the previous overseeing editorial manager of the daily paper, Youssouf Tour. As indicated by the administration of the daily paper, the choice to suspend productions is the start of an arrangement of activities and activities went for looking for change for the numerous out of line suspensions. Around twelve media associations and writers have been fined different wholes of cash or suspended in the not so distant future alone. On February, the CNP again suspended the Le Monde d Abidjan daily paper for three months. On the other hand, even before a portion of the daily papers and writers could serve their suspensions or scarcely in the wake of serving it, the CNP on April 14, issued an proclamation suspending Aujourdhui, Soir Info, Le Quotidien dabidjan, (which was banned in January 20, for two months), Le Temps daily papers and the week after week Bà ´lkotch. The MFWA notes with concern the steady fines forced on media associations and columnists in the nation. In as much as the association admires the work of the CNP in bringing proficient norms up in the media, the fines have a capability of cowing the media as it is apparent by the choice of the Lintelligent dabidjan. We consequently speak to the Press Council to reevaluate its approach in managing the unprofessionalism of the media and writers in the nation. We likewise urge writers and media associations to be proficient Positive and negative impact on imposes of criminal penalties on newspaper: Since the mid-1980s, the United States has sought after forceful law authorization systems to diminish the utilization and circulation of illicit medications. The expenses and profits of this national war on medications remain savagely talked about. What is not begging to be proven wrong, notwithstanding, is that this apparently race-nonpartisan exertion has been pursued principally against dark Americans. With respect to their numbers in the overall public and among medication wrongdoers, dark Americans are lopsidedly captured, indicted, and imprisoned on medication charges. Open authorities have been generally untroubled by the lopsided capture and imprisonment of blacks for medication offenses. Their relative impassion and that of the general population everywhere undoubtedly reflects, to shifting degrees, factional governmental issues, extreme on wrongdoing corrective theories, falsehood about medications, an uncritical grasp of medication war rationale, and misinformed ideas about the needs of poor urban groups. Anyhow to some degree it additionally reflects cognizant and oblivious perspectives about race. Undoubtedly, those perspectives have been woven into the exceptionally fabric of American hostile to medication endeavors, affecting the meaning of the medication issue and the way of the reaction to it. Despite the fact that whites are generally untosuguched by against medication endeavors contrasted with blacks, supporters of the medication war may not see an issue of race segregation on the grounds that they dont accept the reason for medication law requirement is to damage blacks-if anything, medication law implementation is seen as ensuring minority groups from compulsion, provocation, and viciousness. Maybe without acknowledging it, they have acknowledged the same meaning of segregation that the courts use in sacred equivalent security cases-truant sick goal, there is no separation. Suggestions for media freedom in UAE: Duffy has worked in organization with the Doha Center for Media Freedom, and the focal point has communicated concerns at his sudden expulsion from his position in the UAE. Executive of DCMF, Jan Keulen said: The UAE security powers have not given any purpose behind the constrained flight of Dr. Duffy. However it appears a chilly wind is blowing in the UAE with the confinement of late of in excess of 50 political activists, the conclusion recently of the Konrad Adenauer Stiftung and other universal NGOs and now the end of Matt Duffy. Its awful news for scholastic flexibility and press opportunity in the UAE, he included. Duffys release and the inquiries it raises have prompted a warmed levelheaded discussion on social networking sites about media flexibility in the district and the estimation of instructive activities, for example, those which the teacher had presented at Zayed college. While numerous have communicated trouble at Duffys takeoff from the UAE, others have talked about the requirement for a slower and more continuous methodology to creating media in the nation and the Gulf area, recommending that the educator may have been pushing excessively hard, excessively soon. Media guard dogs have communicated worries about the legislatures control over the media in the UAE, and a month ago highlighted various instances of writers, bloggers and activists being persecuted in the nation. Conclusion: Duffys discharge and the request it raises have incited a warmed practical talk on interpersonal interaction locales about media adaptability in the area and the estimation of educational exercises, for instance, those which the educator had displayed at Zayed school. While various have conveyed inconvenience at Duffys takeoff from the UAE, others have discussed the prerequisite for a slower and more persistent procedure to making media in the country and the Gulf territory, proposing that the instructor may have been pushing unreasonably hard, too much soon. Media gatekeeper canines have conveyed stresses over the lawmaking bodys control over the media in the UAE, and a month back highlighted different occasions of scholars, bloggers and activists being abused in the country. Bibliography Al-Jenaibi, B. (2011). The Use of Social Media in the United Arab Emirates: An Initial Study. . European Journal of Social Sciences , 23(1), 87-100. http://www.webmail.gmj-me.com/gmj_custom_files/volume1_issue2/articles_in_english/volume1-issue2-article-3-27.pdf Cave, B. (2004). Legal Issues Related to Doing Business in the United Arab Emirates. http://www.bryancave.com/files/Publication/21ff51bc-b3ac-4b09-91aa-c6caabf8a72b/Presentation/PublicationAttachment/7c560e5a-5489-47b2-ba09-c8e352b14c1b/MiddleEastArticle2-04.pdf Dahl, F. (2010). New Sanctions seen hurting Iran businesses in Dubai. http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/07/06/uk-iran-emirates-sanctions-idUKTRE66514Y20100706 Ho, H. W.-H. (2013). WHEN TO MAKE INNOVATION TRADITION? USING SUPPORT MEDIA: A CASE STUDY FROM THE UAE. . Asia Pacific Journal of Business and Management , 4(1), 27-38. http://www.uunz.ac.nz/pdf/journal/20133.pdf Kirat, M. (2007). Promoting online media relations: Public relations departments’ use of Internet in the UAE. . Public Relations Review , 33(2), 166-174. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0363811107000203 Shedid, S. A. (2002, January). Formation damage due to sulfur deposition in porous media. In International Symposium and Exhibition on Formation Damage Control. Society of Petroleum Engineers. https://www.onepetro.org/conference-paper/SPE-73721-MS Tamim, R. (2013). Enhancing Education in the UAE through Blended Learning. Information Systems Applications in the Arab Education Sector , 194. http://www.igi-global.com/chapter/content/68679

Essay Comparing Brave New World and The Giver -- comparison compare co

Comparing Brave New World and The Giver    When one examines the similarities between Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, and The Giver by Lois Lowry, they may be baffled. They may think that Lowry just did a run off of Huxley's highly successful masterpiece. The similarities are extraordinary, but so are their differences. Many aspects of these novels are almost identical while others are completely foreign to each other. Both of these novels feature structured societies, but the societies are not the same. In Brave New World, there are no families or definite partners, but neither society believes in love or true family. The Giver has no specific caste system, but the members of their community do not have control of their own future; that is left to the elders of the community. Lastly are Jonas and John. They are basically the main characters and both endure severe inner troubles, but are they similar enough to make the novels similar?    In Brave New World, there is definitely a caste system of community members. Each level of society keeps to themselves. They work and live according to how they were conditioned. They do not have a certain ordinance on manners or behavior; they are promiscuous and, for the most part, outgoing. The characters in Brave New World do not know the meaning of the word love. They do not have the slightest inkling of what it is like to have a family; the ideas of parents and childbirth repulse them. The Giver has a society that believes in having families for stability, but they do not believe in love. The word is broad and meaningless. When Jonas asked his parents if they loved him, they laughed and told him to be more specific because language is everything. Do they enjoy him? Yes.... ...ves, and to my interpretation, dies. Both John and Jonas were not mentally equipped to handle the situations they were confronted with.    While many may not observe the similarities or differences in Brave New World and The Giver, they are quite obvious. While one society is repulsed at the past, the other simply erases it from memory and it is never spoken of. Neither society believes in love or family, but there are subtle differences in their beliefs. While The Giver has no definite caste system, they have certain procedures for levels of society. John and Jonas are similar characters who are confronted with inner turmoil and find their own way out. Brave New World and The Giver are wonderful works of art that are extremely close in storylines. Whether one believes that they are similar or different, it must be said that the resemblances are almost scary.

Violent Behavior and the Brain :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Violent Behavior and the Brain - Do we know it all? The DMZ, which runs through Central Vietnam is a place where undisputed violence was unleashed for over a decade in the late sixties and early seventies. During the year that I worked in Vietnam, I often returned to this spot to watch the American Veterans, who would stand at the top of Marble Mountain, withered, with vacant stares out towards the stretch of beach known only to the Americans as China. It was mystifying to consider the sharp contrast that must have seemed all too apparent to them as the sounds of war loomed in their memories and the calm ocean stretched out before them now so serenely. It was then that I first started to consider what causes man to become so enraged as to commit atrocities of the mind, body and soul. Violence - pure and simple, is intrinsic to humanity. It almost goes unnoticed as a way of life in many communities. Drive through North Philadelphia on a spring afternoon and witness what appears to be life disappearing, receding under the concrete and graffiti. Look closer and witness the bullet holes in the walls of homes and cars. Still, there are other communities, such as North Brooklyn, where the rate of crime has been diminishing for the past twenty-five years. It seems, in fact, that violent crime does not behave as predicted. Social scientists have begun to suggest that, in fact, violent crime needs to be viewed much like an infectious disease. Simultaneously, neurobiologists have developed intricate research models and techniques to examine whether or not there are biological triggers that cause individuals to act violently. What if violence were to be truly considered an epidemic - one with BOTH neurological and sociological explanations? Being a public health practitioner and activist, I am inclined to champion the cause of social scientists and the role that society, economy, and politics play in the make-up of a violent individual. What is the environment that allows an epidemic of violence to overtake a community and how does it initiate in the individual? Epidemiologists consider an epidemic to reach its "tipping point" when it turns into a public health crisis. As Malcolm Gladwell notes in his article, "The Tipping Point", "Every epidemic has its tipping point, and to fight an epidemic you need to understand what that point is." What then, is the tipping point for an individual who is motivated to act violently?

Corporate Strategy

MGMT611: Strategy Natalya Vinokurova Corporate Strategy Session 15 1 Corporate Scope Corporate center Division A in industry a Division B in industry b Division C in industry c Division D in industry d – The average U. S. Fortune 500 company operates in four different industries – Diversification is even more prominent in other parts of the world †¢ Grupos, chaebol, business houses, keiretsu, and so on – Poor corporate strategy is common â€Å"Excite, one of the leading Internet services companies, yesterday [received a] takeover offer from Zapata, a Texas-based group with holdings in marine protein and food packaging companies.Citing the â€Å"excellent fit with Zapata’s new strategic direction,† Avram Glazer, Zapata’s chief executive officer, said the proposed transaction â€Å"makes sense for Excite’s shareholders because of the capital resources that Zapata can bring to Excite. † Financial Times, May 22, 1998 2 What di versified corporation did this become? 3 Decomposition of Variance in Profitability: Evidence from the United States Year 2% Industry 18% Corporate parent 4% Transient 46% †¢ In the U. S. corporate strategy is typically the icing on the cake, not the cake itself – Business units must be competitive on their own merits – †¦in attractive industries †¢ But the icing can make the decisive difference between a good cake and a bad one Business segment 30% Note: Ignores covariance terms; based on 58,132 observations of 12,296 business segments in 628 industries in the United States Source: Anita M. McGahan and Michael E. Porter, â€Å"How Much Does Industry Matter Really? † Strategic Management Journal, 1997 4Decomposition of Variance in Profitability: Evidence from 14 Emerging Economies †¢ In much of the rest of the world, corporate strategy is more prominent †¢ Membership in a diversified entity has a larger effect on profitability †¢ Th e effect on profitability is more likely to be positive Source: Tarun Khanna and Jan W. Rivkin, â€Å"Estimating the Performance Effects of Business Groups in Emerging Markets,† Strategic Management Journal, 2000 Countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, India, Indonesia, Israel, Mexico, Peru, the Philippines, South Africa, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and Turkey Litmus Test of Corporate Strategy †¢ Is the combination of all businesses of the firm worth more than the sum of how much each business is worth individually? – The answer could be less, e. g. J. C. Penney telemarketing division was worth 3X the market value of the entire firm †¢ When deciding whether or not to acquire another business, you need to decide BOTH – whether you have a competitive advantage running that business – AND how it will contribute to the fit among the other 6 businesses you are runningAcrobat Document 7 The Walt Disney Company: Stock Price vs. S&P 500, 1984-1994 8 The Walt Disney Company: Stock Price vs. S&P 500, 1995-2005 9 Two big problems 1. Growth at all costs: †¢ This is an example of what happens when a solid corporate strategy meets an aggressive growth goal 2. Mismatch between strategy and organizational structure: †¢ You can have a corporation with businesses that are closely connected like the classic Disney businesses and then run the businesses together in a tightly integrated way.That can work. †¢ You can have a corporation with the broader scope of later Disney and run them in a loosely coupled way. That can work. †¢ But if you have a corporation with the broader scope of later Disney and run them like the classic Disney, with heavy-handed management from the top, searching for synergy that doesn’t really exist†¦then you get into trouble. – In 2005, ABC President Robert Iger replaces Eisner 10 The Walt Disney Company: Stock Price vs. S&P 500, 2005-2012 11 The Walt Disney Company: Take-aways Co re lessons of corporate-level strategy †¢ Competition occurs at the level of the business unit †¢ Corporate strategy is a success or failure to the extent that it enhances business unit competitive advantage – Is the relative gap between WTP and cost larger than it would be otherwise? †¢ Two tests: – Better-off: Does the presence of the corporation in a given market improve the total competitive advantage of business units over and above what they could achieve on their own? (What’s the added value of the corporation? – Ownership: Does ownership of the business unit produce a greater competitive advantage than an alternative arrangement would produce? †¢ A corporation is more likely to pass the tests when it has some shared resource that (a) creates competitive advantage for the business units and (b) is difficult to trade efficiently via the market – E. g. , access to animated characters – Making business units â€Å"be tter off† sounds easy, but it typically requires sophisticated structures, systems, and processes, plus cultural supports 12 Corporate strategy entails trade-offsEither focus on†¦ or focus on†¦ Guidance on the Projects Overall Grading †¢ The project must cover all three components of the class – Human and Social Capital – Strategy – Multinational Management Components of Grade (NOT equally weighted) †¢ Use of frameworks (most important issue) †¢ Quality of research †¢ Innovativeness/Insight of analysis †¢ Integration of different components of class †¢ Quality of communication 14 †¢ ? of grade will be based on presentation; ? on final project write up †¢ We will also use a peer assessment to adjust the grade for effort put in by each team memberA Word on Plagiarism †¢ Any text (more than 2 consecutive words) taken from another source must be – In inverted commas – Clearly identified with the source †¢ It is NOT sufficient to simply note that you used a source. You must identify which text came from it. †¢ Failure to identify the source of your work is a serious breach of academic ethics and will be treated accordingly †¢ If in doubt, ask Professor or TAs for guidance †¢ (It is generally not a good idea to reproduce whole sentences or paragraphs from other sources without a very good reason anyway) 5 Next Class: Firm Scope and Strategy †¢ – – – – Case: Monitor’s Opportunities in India (A), 9708-482 What are the benefits and costs to Monitor of moving each of its back-office functions to India? In light of those benefits and costs, what would you recommend to Mark Fuller, Monitor’s CEO, about the location of each function? Should Monitor tap into the Indian pool of talent somehow, perhaps by conducting business research there? If so: Should it conduct research only for Monitor case teams or sell its re search services directly to external clients? 16